Bone marrow examination is appropriate for diagnosing infiltrative processes (acute leukemia and other malignancies), HLH, and some infections that may be difficult to diagnose from other tissues (disseminated histoplasmosis, miliary tuberculosis, bacterial endocarditis, and other chronic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients). While lysosomal storage disorders (Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease) may be identified through bone marrow examination in patients for whom malignancy is initially suspected, enzyme and genetic testing are preferred over bone marrow biopsy for the diagnosis of these conditions.